Neuroscience news has always been and remains a priority for me and stands in first place among all other sciences (astrophysics is in second place, if anyone is interested). And now the same miracle happened when I again discovered this exciting and amazing world of our nerve cells. All this happened thanks to scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who witnessed the discovery of a new group of neurons, whose specialization is the ability to distinguish between just music and a song! Their location was localized in the auditory cortex and there were several groups of them. Can you imagine? Multiple interconnected ensembles of neurons with different behavior! To put it very simply, one of these conglomerates of nerve cells responds only to speech stimuli, the other responds exclusively to melody. But there is a group of neurons between them. These will be discussed later in the article. The researchers described in detail how thoroughly they studied these areas of the auditory cortex of the brain using electrocorticography devices. This research method, in contrast to the more common and familiar MRI, makes it possible to observe the dynamics in the activity of specific areas of the cerebral cortex in more detail. True, there is one BUT: to implement this research method, it is necessary that the electrodes are directly inserted into the brain tissue. Therefore, in this case, studies were carried out on patients with epilepsy who needed surgery to resect certain groups of neurons, the electrical activity of which becomes the initiator of seizures. In order to accurately identify and localize these groups of nerve cells, it is necessary to openly monitor the dynamics of their work. To do this, before surgery, patients are carefully inserted electrodes into different areas of the cerebral cortex. Next, the electrical activity of neurons from various parts of the cortex is recorded. And during such operations, various studies based on neurophysiology take place. All with the voluntary consent of the patients themselves. As a result, several years of research into the areas of the auditory cortex in fifteen patients culminated in the discovery: they found the same neural brethren that responded only to songs! To achieve this scientific breakthrough, patients were given a total of 165 sounds of different nature during brain surgery, while the electrical activity of neurons was recorded. Next, mathematical models were used to study the characteristics of the reactions of certain groups of nerve cells. As a result of these studies, groups of neurons were discovered that responded to songs and at the same time responded with a weak degree of activity to music and speech. This specific “song” neural ensemble is located in close proximity to those neural centers that are responsible for recognizing only speech and only music. “Song” centers are essentially unifying: they receive signals from speech and music centers and on the basis of this unification a unique specialization of neurons is born! At what period of development do these areas of the brain become specialized? In the process of brain development in childhood, when children hear those lullabies that we sing to them! Take care of yourself! Sabirov Salavat.